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>>Glossary
of Islamic Terms |
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H.............................................................................................................
©
Suhel Farooq Khan
| Hayya ‘Alal-Falah |
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The
meaning of Hayya ‘Alal-Falah is Hurry
to the success. It is a phrase from Adhan
(Call for Prayers). Muslims repeat all phrases
of from Adhan (Call for Prayers)
after the Mu’adh-dhin (Caller of Prayers)
recites them. They recite Lahaul Wala Quwwat
illa billah (There is no might nor power except
with Allah) after listening to Hayya
‘Alal-Falah (Hurry to the success).
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| Hayya ‘Alas Salah |
The
meaning of Hayya ‘Alas Salah
is Hurry to the prayer. It is a phrase from Adhan
(Call for Prayers). Muslims repeat all phrases
of Adhan (Call for Prayers)
after the Mu’adh-dhin (Caller of
Prayers) recites them. They recite Lahaul
Wala Quwwat illa billah (There is no
might nor power except with Allah) after listening
to Hayya ‘Alas Salah (Hurry
to the prayer) and Hayya ‘Alal Falah
(Hurry to success).
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| Hijab (Head Covering) |
The
word Hijab means to cover.
In Shari’ah (Islamic Law) the word
Hijab means covering of a woman’s
body. Hijab is also an attitude. Allah
(God) has specifically addressed men to lower their gazes as
their Hijab. Islam
has prescribed a decent dress code for women. They should cover
their bodies in such a way that no part of their body is visible
except the face and hands. This dress code is not as stringent
as the dress code than that of western Christian ladies.
The Holy Qur-an specifically tells the women to
cover their entire body when they go out of their homes. “O
Messenger! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women
of the believers to draw their veils all over their bodies.
That will be better, that they should be known so as not to
be annoyed. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
Surah (Chapter) al-Ahzab
(The Allies) Qur-an 33:59
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| Surah
(Chapter)
al-Hijr (The Rocky Tract)
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Surah
(Chapter) al-Hijr (The
Rocky Tract) is the 15th chapter of the Holy
Qur-an. It is a Makki Surah
(Chapter) meaning that this Surah
(Chapter) was revealed before the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S had migrated to Madinah.
Surah (Chapter) al-Hijr (The
Rocky Tract) consists of ninety-nine Ayat
(Verses). This Surah (Chapter)
mentions about Allah (God)’s promise to protect
the Holy Qur-an. It once again warns mankind of
pride and arrogance. Only Mercy of Allah (God)
can save mankind. Examples of Ibrahim A
(Abraham), Lut A (Lot) and the people of Aika
and Hijr is mentioned. The importance of
Surah Fatihah (The Opening
Chapter) of the Holy Qur-an is also mentioned.
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| Hijr |
The
semi-circular area next to the Ka’bah on its
western side is called Hatim or
Hijr. It is considered as a portion of
the Ka’bah. The Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah) and ‘Umrah (Lesser
Pilgrimage to the Ka’bah) pilgrims offer Salah
(Prayers) in Hatim.
Offering Salah (Prayers)
inside the Hatim area is not a part
of the Hajj (Pilgrimage to the Ka’bah)
rituals. The pilgrims of Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah) go around Hatim
or Hijr for doing Tawaf
(Walking around the Ka’bah).
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| Hijrah (Migration) |
Literal
meaning of Hijrah is migration. In the history
of Islam, Hijrah (Migration)
is usually referred to the event when the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S had migrated to
Yathrib (Madinah) from Makkah.
He was forced to leave Makkah and migrate by the
Quraysh of Makkah. Rest of the Muslims
had already migrated to Yathrib (Madinah)
before the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S. Another Hijrah
(Migration) had taken place in Islam, 9
years before the great Hijrah (Migration),
to Madinah. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S asked Muslims
to migrate to Habash (Ethiopia)
to save them from the persecution of the Quraysh,
because a just Christian king Najjashi
(Negus) ruled it. This
was one of the most important events in the history of Islam.
Under the leadership of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S, Muslims
formed their first government in Madinah,
based on social equality and social justice. In Islamic society,
there was no room for oppression of the poor and the week. The
Quraysh of Makkah and other enemies
of Muslims mounted several attacks on them but could
not hurt the Muslims or Islam. Islam gathered power after the Hijrah (Migration).
Muslims captured Makkah without any bloodshed,
only eight years after the Hijrah (Migration).
Islamic calendar does not begin with the birth of the Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S or when Allah
chose him to be His last Rasul (Messenger). Instead,
it begins from the migration of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S and is known as
the Hijrah calendar. The Hijrah calendar was
implemented during the tenure of ‘Umar bin Khattab
R, the second Khalifah (Caliph) of Muslims.
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| Hill |
Area
in between Haram and Miqat
is called Hill. Things prohibited in the
boundaries of Haram are allowed in Hill.
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Hilli Ahlul Hill |
People living in Hill are known as
Ahlul Hill. Area in between Haram
and Miqat is called Hill.
Things prohibited in the boundaries of Haram
are allowed in Hill.
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| Hira |
Hira is a small mountain
near Makkah. It is also known as Jabl
Nur (Mountain of Eternal Radiance).
The radiance of Islam spread from a small
non-descript cave of this mountain. Muhammad
S, the Messenger of Allah,
used to visit a small cave in the Mount Hira
before Allah (God) chose him as his Rasul
(Messenger). It was a secluded place at that time. The Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S spent a lot of time in that cave in meditation.
He used to bring provisions with him and stay there for
several days. It was in the same cave when he received the
first Wahi (Message of Allah).
The first Wahi (Message of Allah)
consisted of the first five Ayah
(Verses) of Surah (Chapter)
‘Alaq (The Clot) (Qur-an
97:1-5).
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| Holy
Qur-an |
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The
Qur-an is the word of Allah (God),
which He revealed to His last Rasul (Messenger)
Muhammad S. The Holy Qur-an is
a Message of Guidance sent by Allah (God) for
the benefit of entire mankind. He had sent several other Messages
earlier through other Rusul (Messengers). Those Rusul
(Messengers) of Allah (God) explained the Messages
of Allah (God) to their people. Soon after the
departure of the Rusul (Messengers) who received the
Messages of Allah (God), people began altering
and distorting the Message of Allah (God). Allah
(God) had sent Injil (Bible)
to ‘Isa A (Jesus) about 500 years before
Islam. Several versions of Injil
(Bible) that were significantly different from each
other; were compiled by several disciples of ‘Isa
A (Jesus). Original text of Injil (Bible)
is not available anywhere. Followers of ‘Isa
A (Jesus) altered the original Message of Allah
(God). Allah (God) sent His Message for
the last time to the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S. Muhammad
S was the last Rasul (Messenger) of Allah
(God); and the Qur-an is the last Message
of Allah (God). The Qur-an was
revealed in Arabic language. Not even a single punctuation
mark has changed in the Qur-an since then. The
text of the Qur-an published anywhere in the
Arabic or non-Arabic speaking world always carries the Arabic
text, which is exactly the same always. Besides, there are
hundreds of thousands of Huffaz (People
who had memorized the Qur-an) spread around the globe,
at any given time. Moreover, Allah (God) had
taken the responsibility of preserving it (Qur-an
85:21,22). The Qur-an was revealed to the Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S in small portions (Qur-an 15:91,
17:106, 25:32, 76:23). The Qur-an is divided
into 114 chapters. Each chapter of the Qur-an
is called a Surah (Chapter). Each
Surah (Chapter) of the Qur-an
may consist many Ayat (Verses).
The revelations of the Qur-an usually consisted
of a few Ayat (Verses)
at a time. Some times an entire Surah
(Chapter) was also revealed. Lengths of all Suwar
(Chapters-Plural of Surah) vary
from 3 Ayat (Surah al-Kauthar)
Qur-an 106 to 286 Ayat (Surah
al-Baqarah) Qur-an 2. The Suwar
(Chapters) and the Ayat
(Verses) of the Qur-an are not arranged
in their chronological order of their revelation. The existing
arrangement of Ayah (Verses)
and Suwar (Chapters) was done by the
Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S. The very first
revelation of the Qur-an consisted of the first
five Ayat (Verses) of Surah
(Chapter) ‘Alaq (Leech like clot)
(Qur-an 96:1-5). This first revelation of the Qur-an
came to Muhammad S in the year 13BH (Before
Hijrah) (607 AD). The last revelation of the Holy Qur-an
the 281st Ayah (Verse)
of Surah (Chapter) al-Baqarah
(The Cow) (Qur-an 2:281).
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| Surah (Chapter)
Hud (Messenger Hud
A) |
Surah
(Chapter) Hud (Messenger
Hud A) is the 11th chapter of the Holy
Qur-an. It is a Makki Surah
(Chapter) meaning that this Surah
(Chapter) was revealed before the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S had migrated to Madinah.
Surah (Chapter) Hud (Messenger
Hud A) consists of one hundred twenty-three Ayat
(Verses). This Surah (Chapter)
discusses mankind’s ungratefulness, wickedness and liking for
falsehood in contrast to Allah (God)’s Mercy and
Kindness. The story of Nuh A (Noah) and his sufferings
and the destruction of those who disbelieved and ridiculed him
is mentioned in this chapter. Similarly the struggle of Hud
A and Salih A against their
people is mentioned along with the
punishment they were subjected to for ignoring the signs
of Allah (God).Stories of Lut
A (Lot), Shu’ayb A and the mischievous of their people
are also told in this chapter. Fir’aun (Pharaoh) and
his misdeeds that destroyed his people is also mentioned. Everyone
has to pay the penalty for their sins and the only salvation
lies in obeying Allah (God) whole-heartedly.
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| Hud A |
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Hud
A was a Rasul (Messenger) of Allah
(God), who was sent to Bani (Family of) ‘Ad.
People of Bani (Family of) ‘Ad
were settled in southern Arabia. They were well-off people
who were highly skilled in masonry and building techniques.
Their king Shaddad had built a very large and
beautiful palace near ‘Adan, which he called
Iram (Paradise). He had conquered large
areas up to Sham in far North. Power
and comfort had corrupted the people of Bani (Family
of) ‘Ad and they began worshipping stars
and idols and indulged in all sorts of sins, injustice and
violence. Hud A tried hard to bring back his
people to the path of Allah (God) but they did
not listen to him (The Holy Qur-an 7:65-70). They continued
to pray a multitude of gods and disobedience of Allah
(God).
Hud
A warned them of Allah (God)’s wrath. Allah
(God) destroyed them with a huge storm that continued for
seven nights and eight days (The Holy Qur-an 69:6-7). Allah (God) saved the followers
of Hud A (The Holy Qur-an 7:72), and
they settled down in Yaman (Yemen).The grave
of Hud A is said to be in Hadrmaut.
Muslims believe in Hud A and all other
Rusul (Messengers) of Allah (God).
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| Hudaybiyah |
Hudaybiyah is a place near Makkah. Muslims and the Quraysh
entered into a very important treaty at Hudaybiyah.
In the year 6H (Hijrah) (629 AD), the Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S decided
to go for ‘Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage to
the Ka’bah), with 3,000 of his Sahabah
(Companions). The convoy of unarmed Muslim pilgrims
was stopped by armed Quraysh riders at a place
called Hudaybiyah. The Quraysh
told the Muslims that they would not allow them to
travel to Makkah for the pilgrimage. It was
an unusual situation because everyone was always welcome
in Makkah for ‘Umrah (Lesser
Pilgrimage to the Ka’bah). The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S sent ‘Uthman
bin ‘Affan R to Makkah to discuss the
situation with the Quraysh leaders. Muslims
became uneasy when ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan
R did not return from Makkah within the stipulated
time. They suspected foul play and feared for the safety
of ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan R. They
took a Bay’ah (Pledge of Allegiance)
to the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S who was sitting under a
tree. This Bay’ah (Pledge of Allegiance)
is known as Bay’ah (Pledge of Allegiance)
Ridwan. They considered this
as an act of war by the Quraysh. ‘Uthman
bin ‘Affan R returned to Hudaybiyah
while Muslims prepared to avenge his death. Quraysh
entered into a treaty at Hudaybiyah
with Muslims and allowed them to enter Makkah
for ‘Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage to the Ka’bah).
Although the conditions of the treaty were tilted heavily
in favor of the Quraysh, the Messenger of
Allah, Muhammad S agreed to it and
signed it. The treaty of Hudaybiyah
became the precursor of the final victory of Muslims
over Quraysh, two years later.
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