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>>Glossary
of Islamic Terms |
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H.............................................................................................................
©
Suhel Farooq Khan
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Hajjatul
Wada’
(The Farewell Hajj) |
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Wada’ means farewell. Hajj-atul-
Wada’ means the farewell Hajj.
This term is used for the last Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah) of the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S. Incidentally it was also
the first Hajj (Pilgrimage to the
Ka’bah) of Muhammad S where all rites and
rituals were performed in Islamic manner. Muhammad
S, the Messenger of Allah, performed his last Hajj
in the year 10H (Hijrah) with more than 100,000
of his Sahabah (Companions). During
this pilgrimage, Muhammad S showed and established
the Islamic traditions of Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah).
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| Hajr Aswad (Black Stone) |
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Hajr means stone.
Aswad means black. Hajr
Aswad means Black Stone. Hajr
Aswad is the round black stone mounted in the
southeast corner of the Ka'bah at a height of
approximately five feet. Hajr Aswad
(Black Stone) is different from other stones found
in the area. It Ibrahim A (Abraham) had
mounted it to mark the starting point of Tawaf
(Walk around the Ka’bah).Besides the foundations, it
is the only stone left from the original Ka'bah
built by Ibrahim A (Abraham) with the
help of his elder son Isma’il A (Ishmael).
Thousands of years later, the Ka'bah was reconstructed
when the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad A was 35 years old because it
was in a valley and water from the flash floods used to damage
it. Every Quraysh family wanted the honor of
installing Hajr Aswad (Black Stone)
in the Ka’bah. All of them were serious about
it and were prepared to shed blood for the honor. When there
was no solution in sight, the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S defused the situation
by his wisdom. He placed the Hajr Aswad
(Black Stone) on a sheet of cloth and asked the
chiefs of all Quraysh clan to lift it together
to the required height. He then installed it himself in the
wall of the Ka’bah. All Quraysh
clans were pleased because of their equal participation in
that important event. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S had kissed Hajr Aswad (Black Stone)
during his last Hajj (Pilgrimage to
the Ka’bah), which is known as the farewell Hajj
(Pilgrimage to the Ka’bah).
Touching and kissing Hajr Aswad (Black Stone)
during Hajj and ‘Umrah
is a Sunnah (Tradition of Muhammad
S).
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| Halal (Lawful) |
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Literal meanings of Halal are lawful,
allowed or permitted. In Islamic context
Halal means things, practices
or activities approved by Allah (God), either
told to us by the Holy Qur-an or our beloved,
the last Rasul (Messenger) of Allah
(God), Muhammad S. Halal
could refer to income, food, dress, social and religious practices
etc. Muslims must earn their livelihood by Halal
(Lawful) means only and consume only Halal
(Lawful) foods and drinks. Muslims practice
only Halal (Lawful) activities
in their lives. There are certain Halal
(Lawful) activities, which temporarily become Haram
(Unlawful) during Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah), when a pilgrim is in the state of Ihram.
Some examples are hunting or killing animals in Haram
(Sacred Area), having sex with spouse etc.
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| Halq (Shaving
head)
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Halq means shaving of
head. During Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah), the male pilgrims either shave their heads
or trim their hair on the 10th of Dhul
Hijjah, after offering sacrifice to Allah
(God). After Halq, pilgrims get out of
the state of Ihram. Female
pilgrims are required to trim a lock of their hair by only
a digit of the finger. Term for doing Halq is Tahliq. Male pilgrims can also trim their
hair instead of shaving the head.
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| Hanafi
School of Islamic Thought |
There
are four major schools of thought in Islam namely, Hanafi,
Maliki, Shaf’i, and Hambali, named
after Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik,
Imam Shaf’i, and Imam Ahmad
bin Hambal, respectively. These learned scholars of Islam,
made their interpretations more than 200 years after the sad
demise of the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S to standardize Islamic rituals
and practices. All four of them agree on all major aspects of
Islam and there are some minor differences of
opinions on certain ritualistic aspects of Islamic religious
practices. At times, those minor differences of opinion are
blown out of proportion and they acquire the shape of a major
conflict. Muslims normally follow one of the four Schools
of Islamic thought. Muslims who have acquired in depth
knowledge on Islam can pick and choose from various
Schools of thoughts. Following the schools of thought mainly
took place of geographical grounds. Hanafi
School of Islamic thought represents the interpretation of various
Islamic rituals by Imam Abu Hanifah an
Nu’man ibn Thabit. Imam Abu Hanifah
was born at Kufah in 80H (Hijrah) (700 AD). He died at Baghdad
in the year 150H (Hijrah).
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Hambali School of Islamic Thought |
There
are four major schools of thought in Islam namely,
Hanafi, Maliki, Shaf’i, and Hambali,
named after Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam
Malik, Imam Shaf’i, and Imam
Ahmad bin Hambal, respectively. These learned
scholars of Islam, made their interpretations
more than 200 years after the demise of the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S to standardize Islamic rituals
and practices. All four of them agree on all major aspects
of Islam and there are some minor differences
of opinions on certain ritualistic aspects of Islamic religious
practices. At times, those minor differences of opinion are
blown out of proportion and they acquire the shape of a major
conflict. Muslims normally follow one of the four Schools of Islamic
thought. Muslims who have acquired in depth knowledge
on Islam can pick and choose from various Schools
of thoughts. Following the schools of thought mainly took
place of geographical grounds. Hambali
School of Islamic thought represents the interpretation of
various Islamic rituals by Imam Abu ‘Abdullah Ahmad
bin Hambal. He was born at Baghdad
in 164H (Hijrah) (780 AD). He died in the year
241H (Hijrah) (855 AD).
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| Harmi Ahlul Haram |
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People
living within the Haram area are called
Ahlul Haram.
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| Haram (Unlawful)
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Unlawful
things and practices forbidden to Muslims are called
Haram. Worshipping or asking
favors from anyone else besides Allah (God),
eating pork, consuming alcohol or any other intoxicants,
sacrificing animals for any other than Allah (God),
establishing sexual relationships outside marriage are some
examples of Haram things or
activities that are not allowed by Allah (God)
for Muslims. Certain Halal
(Lawful) activities temporarily become Haram
(Unlawful) during Hajj (Pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah), when a pilgrim is in the state of Ihram.
Some activities like hunting or killing animals in Haram
(Sacred Area), having sex with spouse etc.
are forbidden during the state of Ihram.
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Harun A (Aaron) |
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Harun A (Aaron) was brother of Musa
A (Moses) and also a Rasul (Messenger) of Allah
(God). Musa A (Moses) had prayed to Allah
(God) for making him his helper (The Qur-an
20:25-36). He is mentioned in the Holy Qur-an
at many places.
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| Harut
and Marut |
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Harut A and
Marut A are two Mala”ikah
(Angels) who were sent by Allah (God)
to teach the people of Babylon so that they
could guard themselves against the magic of Shaytan
(Satan). Harut A and
Marut A taught them magic
but told them not to practice it, since it leads to Kufr
(Disbelief). [Surah al-Baqarah (The Cow) Qur-an 2:102-103].
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Hasan bin ‘Ali R |
Hasan R was the eldest son of Fatimah R, the
youngest daughter of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S, and ‘Ali
bin Abu Talib R. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S loved him dearly
and used to play with him even while he used to offer prayers.
Hasan bin ‘Ali R was born in the year 3H
(Hijrah) (644 AD). He was elected as Khalifah
(Caliph) after the death of ‘Ali bin Abu Talib R, but abdicated
it in favor of Mu’awiyah bin Abu Sufyan R, to
avoid bloodshed among Muslims. He died in the year 50H
(Hijrah) (670 AD).
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Surah (Chapter)
al-Hashr (The Gathering) |
| Surah
(Chapter) al-Hashr (The
Gathering) is the 59th chapter of the Holy
Qur-an. It is a Madani Surah
(Chapter) meaning that this Surah
(Chapter) was revealed after the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S had migrated to Madinah.
Surah (Chapter) al-Hashr
(The Gathering) consists of twenty-four Ayat
(Verses). This Surah (Chapter)
mentions the expulsion of the Jewish tribes
from Madinah and its vicinity when they
broke their pact with Muslims. Their strong forts and
their secret liaison with the enemies of Islam
and Muslims did not work in their favor. It also mentions
many beautiful names and attributes of Allah
(God).
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| Hawwa
(Eve) |
Adam A (Adam) was also the first human Allah
(God) had created. Allah (God) gave Adam
A (Adam) knowledge and capacity to think. Allah
(God) had created Adam A(Adam) to represent
good. Allah (God) had also created a partner
for him and sent them to live in Jannah (Paradise).
Her name was Hawwa (Eve). He told Adam
A (Adam) and his wife Hawwa (Eve) to
stay away from a particular tree. Iblis
(Satan) succeeded in luring them to eat from that
tree Contrary to the Christian belief Hawwa
(Eve) representing women did not commit the original sin.
Adam A (Adam) was equally responsible for
it. Both of them realized their mistake; they repented and
prayed to Allah (God) for His forgiveness. Allah (God) forgave them and sent
them to live on earth. Adam A (Adam) became
the first Rasul (Messenger) of Allah
(God) on the planet earth. All humans are descendents of
Adam A (Adam) and his wife Hawwa
(Eve).
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