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Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R was
a cousin of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S.
His mother Safiyyah bint
'Abdul Muttalib R was an aunt of the Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S.
Safiyyah bint 'Abdul Muttalib
R was one of the early converts to Islam. She
was a real sister of Hamzah bin
'Abdul Muttalib R.
Hamzah bin 'Abdul Muttalib
R was one of the maternal uncles of Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R. Halah bint
Wahib, the mother of Safiyyah
bint 'Abdul Muttalib R and Hamzah
bin 'Abdul Muttalib R was a cousin
of Aminah bint Wahb,
the mother of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R was a prominent
Sahabi (Companion
of Muhammad S). A Muslim who had seen
or met the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S is known as Sahabi (Companion
of Muhammad S). Sahabah
is plural of Sahabi (Companion
of Muhammad S).
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R is among the
as-Sabiqun al-Awwalun (Early
Muslims).
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R
was also one of the 'Asharah Mubashsharah (Ten,
who were given the news of going to Heaven by Muhammad
S, in their life).
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R was born in the
year 28BH (Before Hijrah) (594 CE)
and was the only son of Al 'Awwam bin
Khuwaylid, a brother of Khadijah
bint Khuwaylid R, the wife of
the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S; who
was also the first person to become Muslim.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R was very young
when he accepted Islam. He was only sixteen
(16) years of age when he became a Muslim. He accepted
Islam only a few days after Abu Bakr R,
in the year 14BH (Before Hijrah) (608
CE).
Abu
Bakr R, a close friend of the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S was the first adult male to convert
to Islam. 'Ali bin Abu
Talib R, a cousin of the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S, was the first youth to accept Islam.
He was living with the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S and was about seven (7) years old when he became a Muslim. Sa'd
bin Abu Waqqas R and Talhah
bin 'Ubaydullah R were also among the
as-Sabiqun al-Awwalun (Early
Muslims) and like Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R, were also teenagers when they accepted
Islam.
An uncle
of Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam
R named Hizam bin Khuwaylid,
used to punish him severely for accepting Islam.
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R
was a brave young man; he tolerated the torture and remained
firm on his newly acquired faith Islam.
In
its early days, Islam was practiced and preached
in secrecy for a period of three (3) years. The Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S invited only his
friends and acquaintances secretly.
In the year 10BH (Before Hijrah) (612
CE), Allah (God)
commanded the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S to declare Islam publicly and start inviting
everyone to it.
The Quraysh of Makkah saw this
new religion as a great threat to their spiritual and trading
leadership position in Arabia. They turned hostile and became
enemies of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S and Muslims. The Quraysh began harassing
and torturing those early Muslims.
Once, during that period, Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R heard that the Quraysh
had taken the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S captive and were torturing him near the Ka'bah.
He was outraged by the news. Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R took his sword and rushed to the
spot, where he found the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S, surrounded by the Quraysh. He jumped at the
crowd and found the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S safe. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S was pleasantly surprised and pleased to find that the very
young Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam
R came there to protect him at the cost of his own life. Thus,
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R
became the first Muslim to raise arms to protect the
Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S, Islam
and the Muslims.
The
atrocities of Quraysh kept on increasing. In
the year 9BH (Before Hijrah)
(613 CE), when it became unbearable
for many Muslims, the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S allowed them to migrate out of Makkah. Many
Muslims migrated to Habash
(Ethiopia).
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R also
migrated to Habash (Ethiopia).
'Uthman bin 'Affan
R, a son-in-law of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S, was one of the first Muslims to migrate there. He
was married to Ruqayyah R bint Muhammad
S, who also migrated to Habash
(Ethiopia) with her husband.
King Najjashi (Negus)
of Habash (Ethiopia)
welcomed them in his country and allowed them to remain there
in peace. King Najjashi (Negus),
a just Christian King, refused to send the Muslim migrants
back to Makkah, when a delegation of Quraysh
visited him with many gifts.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R showed his bravery
in Habash (Ethiopia)
also. Once, there was an uprising against king Najjashi
(Negus). Muslim immigrants volunteered
to support him. The forces of Habash
(Ethiopia) were hesitating to
go to the affected areas to get the exact picture of the revolt
against the king.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R, the youngest
among the Muslim migrants swam across the mighty river
Nile and reached the war front and brought back the news of
the victory of the forces loyal to king Najjashi
(Negus).
Some
time later, many migrant Muslims returned to Makkah
when they heard a rumor that the entire Quraysh
tribe had accepted Islam. They were tortured
again in Makkah. Most of them returned to Habash
(Ethiopia).
The Quraysh
tried everything to stop the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S from preaching Islam, without any success.
Finally, in the year 7BH (Before Hijrah)
(615 CE), the Quraysh boycotted him from
Makkah. The Quraysh made them
leave their homes and belongings in Makkah.
This was a total boycott and no one was supposed to talk to
them or trade with them. They spent three years of extreme
hardship under the open skies of the Arabian desert. Entire
Banu (Family of) Hashim
and their allies Banu (Family of)
Al Muttalib showed solidarity with the Messenger of
Allah, Muhammad S and suffered with him
for three years, although most of them had not accepted Islam
at that time. Abu Lahab bin 'Abdul Muttalib,
an uncle of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad
S, was the only member of Banu (Family
of) Hashim who supported the Quraysh.
Abu Lahab bin 'Abdul Muttalib
is also the only enemy of Islam who is named
in the Holy Qur-an.
Banu (Family of) Muttalib,
close allies of Banu (Family of)
Hashim also suffered throughout boycotted from Makkah.
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R
belonged to the Banu (Family of)
As'ad of the Quraysh tribe. The Quraysh
did not boycott his tribe but Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R voluntarily went with the Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S and suffered with
him for three years.
This
boycott ended in the year 3BH (Before Hijrah)
(619 CE).
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R migrated to Yathrib
(Madinah) during the great
Hijrah (Migration).
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R
was married to Asma" bint
Abu Bakr R, sister of 'A"ishah bint
Abu Bakr R, who was married to the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R and Asma"
bint Abu Bakr R had a son named 'Abdullah
bin Zubayr R, the first Muslim
child born to Muhajir (Migrant)
parents in Madinah after the Hijrah
(Migration). For several months
after the Hijrah (Migration),
no child was born to any Muhajir (Migrant)
couple. The Quraysh were very happy about it,
they used to call it a punishment from the gods of the
Ka'bah for deserting them. All Muhajir
(Migrant) Muslims celebrated
the birth of 'Abdullah bin Zubayr
R.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R participated
in all the Ghazwat
(Battles in which Muhammad S
personally participated). Battle of Badr
was the first major battle between Muslims and the
Quraysh. The Quraysh had brought
one thousand (1,000) experienced warriors against a little
over three hundred ill-equipped Muslims. Despite of
the vast difference of the two armies, Muslims achieved
a grand victory in this battle by the grace of Allah
(God). This battle was fought on the
17th day of Ramadan (Ninth
month of the Islamic calendar) in the year 2H (Hijrah)
(623 CE). In the battle of Badr, Muslims
had only two horses, one of them belonged to Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R killed Sa'id
bin al 'As with his spear in
the battle of Badr. The Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S kept his spear with him as a souvenir.
This spear was handed down to the first four Khulafa"
(Caliphs) of Islam, Abu
Bakr R, 'Umar bin Khattab
R, 'Uthman bin 'Affan
R and 'Ali bin Abu Talib
R.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R showed exemplary
bravery in the battle of Uhad also. He
was one of those few Sahabah (Companions
of Muhammad S), who shielded the Messenger of
Allah, Muhammad S from attacking of Quraysh,
who got injured in the battle. Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R was also injured in this battle.
Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam R and
Abu Bakr R were among the seventy (70) Muslims who
went to chase the Quraysh army after their retreat.
According to 'A"ishah bint
Abu Bakr R, Allah (God)
has mentioned about it in the Qur-an:

Of those who answered the call of Allah
and the Messenger, even after being wounded, those who do
right and refrain from wrong have a great reward.
Surah (Chapter)
Al-'Imran (The Family of 'Imran) Qur-an
3:172
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R was among the
Sahabah (Companions
of Muhammad S) who were present at the time
of the treaty of Hudaybiyah
in the year 6H (Hijrah) (627 CE).
Muslims had not performed any Hajj
(Pilgrimage to the Ka'bah)
or 'Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage
to the Ka'bah) since they were forced to
migrate from Makkah to Madinah.
The Ka'bah held a very important place in the
lives of all Arabs, Muslims or otherwise. In the sixth year
of Hijrah (Migration),
the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S decided
to take his Sahabah (Companions)
to Makkah for an 'Umrah (Lesser
Pilgrimage to the Ka'bah). One thousand
four hundred (1,400) of his Sahabah
(Companions of Muhammad S) accompanied
him. All of them were unarmed and were wearing Ihram
(Two piece unstitched dress).
An armed group of Quraysh intercepted the Muslims
at a place called Hudaybiyah
near Makkah and did not allow them to proceed
for 'Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage
to the Ka'bah). This was higly unusual,
because the Quraysh, who were the caretakers
of the Ka'bah, had never stopped anyone from
making its pilgrimage.
The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S entered
into a treaty with the Quraysh mainly on their
terms. Quraysh granted them permission to perform
an 'Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage
to the Ka'bah) only in the next year. Apparently,
it looked like a defeat of the Messenger of Allah,
Muhammad S and Muslims; but Allah
(God) termed it as victory in Surah
(Chapter) al-Fath
(The Victory), 48th chapter of
the Holy Qur-an. Only two years later Muslims
conqured Makkah without any bloodshed.
The Messenger
of Allah, Muhammad S performed 'Umrah
(Lesser Pilgrimage to the Ka'bah)
with his Sahabah (Companions
of Muhammad S) in the year 7H (Hijrah)
(628 CE), including Zubayr bin
Al 'Awwam R. The exemplary behavior of Muslim
pilgrims to the Ka'bah surprised as well as
impressed the residents of Makkah. This resulted
in winning sympathy from many. Many other Quraysh
converted to Islam after this 'Umrah
(Lesser Pilgrimage to the Ka'bah).
Before his Shahadah (Martyrdom),
'Umar bin Khattab
R nominated a panel of six Sahabah
(Companions of Muhammad S) as
potential candidates as his successor. He wanted the next
Khalifah (Caliph)
of Muslims to be selected from that panel. Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R was one of the
panelists. He withdrew himself from the race.
At the
time of his death, Zubayr bin Al 'Awwam
R left great wealth behind. His assets were sold for a total
value 40 million Dirham.
Zubayr
bin Al 'Awwam R was a narrator
of Ahadith (Sayings
of Muhammad S). He had narrated thirteight
(38) Ahadith (Sayings
of Muhammad S).
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